Everything about National Center For Biotechnology Information totally explained
The
National Center for Biotechnology Information (
NCBI) is part of the
United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the
National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in
Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in
1988 through legislation sponsored by Senator
Claude Pepper. The NCBI houses
genome sequencing data in
GenBank and an index of biomedical research articles in
PubMed Central and
PubMed, as well as other information relevant to
biotechnology. All these databases are available online through the
Entrez search engine.
The NCBI is directed by
David Lipman, one of the original authors of the
BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in
Bioinformatics. He also leads an intramural research program, including groups led by
Stephen Altschul (another
BLAST co-author), David Landsman, and
Eugene Koonin (a prolific author on
comparative genomics).
GenBank
The NCBI has had responsibility for making available the GenBank
DNA sequence database since 1992. GenBank coordinates with individual laboratories and other sequence databases such as those of the
European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the
DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ).
Since
1992, NCBI has grown to provide other databases in addition to GenBank. NCBI provides
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the Molecular Modeling Database (3D protein structures),
dbSNP a database of
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, the Unique Human Gene Sequence Collection, a Gene Map of the
Human genome, a Taxonomy Browser, and coordinates with the National Cancer Institute to provide the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. The NCBI assigns a unique identifier (Taxonomy ID number) to each species of organism.
The NCBI has software tools that are available by
WWW browsing or by FTP. For example,
BLAST is a sequence similarity searching program. BLAST can do sequence comparisons against the GenBank DNA database in less than 15 seconds.
NCBI Bookshelf
The
NCBI Bookshelf is a collection of freely available, on-line versions of selected biomedical books. As of March 2006, the Bookshelf had
55 titles
covering aspects of
molecular biology,
biochemistry,
cell biology,
genetics,
microbiology, a couple of disease states from a molecular and cellular point of view, research methods, and
virology. Some of the books are online versions of previously published books, while others, such as
Coffee Break (book), are written and edited by NCBI staff. The Bookshelf is a complement to the
Entrez PubMed repository of
peer-reviewed publication abstracts in that Bookshelf contents provide established perspectives on evolving areas of study and a context in which many disparate individual pieces of reported research can be organized.
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